Review for Test 5/24/13

Feudalism: describes the type of government institutions, as well as the general social and political relationships, that existed among the warrior-landholders in much of Europe during the Middle Ages

feudal compact: An arrangement between a lord and his vassal involving the exchange of property for personal service

fief: a grant of land and accompanying government responsibilities and power

vassal: servant

knight: warrior

homage: a vassal's act of promising loyalty and obedience to the lord

serf: laborers

baron: a great lord who exercised government authority over vast family territory

peasantry: lower end of the common people in the Middle Ages

estates: in the Middle Ages, the groups that made up society: often defined as those who pray, those who fight, and those who work

manor: the principal farming property and social unit of a medieval community, usually belonging to a member of the feudal nobility or to a Church institution

three-field-system- a method of crop rotation designed to maintain the fertility of the soil and to provide for a regular supply of fall and spring crops

internal colonization- the process of cultivating and settling in formerly wild land in medieval Europe

suburb- Latin word for "beneath the walled town"

guild- An organization of merchants or craftspeople who regulated the activities of their members and set standard prices

master- a craftsman who had the right to operate workshops, train others, and vote on guild business

journeyman- A licensed artisan who had served an apprenticeship and who was employed by a master and paid at a fixed rate per day

apprentice- a "learner" in the shop of a master

masterpiece- Before the masters admitted a journeyman to their rank, they were required to submit an example of his workmanship

water mill-

and yes, iron plow

5/22/13

         Today Maxwell and David taught the class. They went over what Mr. Schick was teaching us yesterday in the power point. Then Grace and Kelley started acting things out that they were talking about. At the end of class we started talking about pinky toes and how we will always have them. I don't really know how that came up.

5/21/13

Today Mr. Schick had a powerpoint for us. Feudalism is a term used by government to describe relationships between the land owners and warriors. A warrior would pledge his alliance to a lord who would in turn give the knight some land. A fief is a term used for property. The warrior then would become the lord's servant. The vassel has to fight for the lord when he needs it and attend his court once a month. In the Medieval society the common people farmed on lands called manors. Peasants were serfs and had to give service to their lords on the fields a few times a week.

5/20/13

We got our tests returned. I got a 77%. Better than I expected. We reviewed the test and talked about it. Mr. Schick was annoyed with us because of all the taking and not focusing.

5/15/13

I was not in class today

5/13/13

We made up questions today and we have a test tomorrow. Then we reviewed some of the questions people made up.

Questions

• Why was Jesus different from other "messiahs?" Taught one must strive for protection since God is perfect 
• What was Jesus' mission? End world and bring everyone into the Kingdom of God 
• What happened to Paul of Tarsus that he believed in God? He was knocked off his horse and blinded and saw Jesus 
• What happened during the third edict? imprisoned clergy men 
• What is an edict? an official law 
• What did the Edict of Milan do? Tolerance of all religions 
• What was Constantine's vision? Cross above the sun with the words conquer 

5/10/13

Today in class Grace and Kelley taught the class and they did a wonderful job. They talked about the Diocletian Persecution. The first three edicts all were in the year 303. During the third edict all clergy were imprisoned. During the forth all people had to give up a sacrifice and if they didnt they were killed. Then constantine became emperor and saw a vision of a sun with a a cross above it with the words conquer. He issued the Edict of Milan which let all people worship whatever religion they believed in. Christians were no longer being prosecuted. 

I was not in class today

5/8/13

Today we took notes on Christianity during the Pax Romana. People first thought it was a cult because they were teaching all new things. Jesus was a preacher in Judea and he was different from the rest of the "messiahs" because he taught to strive for perfection. The people believed Jesus came to end the world and take everyone into the kingdom of heaven. Jesus was seen as a threat to the Romans and they crucified him. Paul of Tarsus was a man who persecuted Christians. He fell off his horse and was blinded and saw Jesus and then believed and spread the good news to all parts of the world. He founded churches and wrote letters.

5/6/13

Today we took a test that I didnt know about. I never checked the blog but it wasn't that hard. I think i did okay on it. Then we had to read in the text and it was about Christianity.

5/1/13

Mr Schick showed us a powerpoint he made. We talked a little more about Tiberius. And then his brother Gaius who wanted to follow in the path of his older brother and also got himself killed. Then we talked about Julius Caesar and how he decided to cross the river with his men and he got himself killed. The people who killed him literally dipped their hands in his blood.

4/30/13

We finished watching the movie on Tiberius today. He got killed because they started telling people that he was going to try to become king and take over and how he really didn't care about the people. At the end of class we had a discussion about North Korea. They have no computers and only one TV station that's run by the government. Technically North Korea and South Korea aren't separate countries. There's no treaty that says they are but, because of their differences they act like separate countries. People who were supposed to be  filming a documentary on a doctor in Korea actually put hidden cameras to observe their everyday life and made a movie out of it.

4/29/13

We watched a show on Tiberius Gracchus today. It was really good. Usually I hate watching movies in school but I thought it was interesting. He was friends with Octavias but, he found out he was stealing land from the poor and he didnt agree with that. Tiberius sympathized the poor. We didnt finish all the episodes today.

4/24/13

We took our quest and once we finished we all kind of just sat around and talked or worked on homework.

4/23/13

We finished watching the clip about the chariot races we started to watch yesterday at the end of class. We talked about the Punic Wars. There were three of them. The first was when Rome and Carthage wanted to take over Sicily. Rome won but Carthage got to keep their empire.

4/22/13

Today in class we took notes about how Rome attacked Carthage. Hannibal was a Carthaginian general. 1/3 People were Roman slaves. The women took care of everything while the men fought. The rich were getting richer. A latifundia is a big farm building the Romans built. The Circus Maximus is where Romans put on entertainment by gladiators and chariot races. They would fight to the death or do anything to win.

4/17/13

        Today in class Mr Schick told us we didn't have to do the video. We could still do it though and get extra credit. Holly finished ours last night. Then Mr Schick went and broke down the song lyrics and explained them more. We talked about how the Latins came first and they settled on the Tiber River. Then I have Tarquin was the last king of Rome. Rome had three governments: Aristocracy, Democracy, and Monarchy. They were all combined into one Rome went to war with Carthage three times and they were called the Punic Wars. The first war was over Sicily. They both wanted to take it over. Rome won that war.

4/15/13

     Today in class we got into groups to work on making a movie that goes with the Rome song Mr Schick wrote. My group was Holly and Drew. We had internet problems the beginning of class so we didn't get as much done. We still have tomorrows class to work on it though.

LO-2 Roman Expansion Notes

Allies and Colonies 

• Created a network of settlers from Rome 
• allies provided infantry and cavalry Romans lacked
• Roman colonists shared the same citizenship with people who lived in Rome 
• Social Wars

The Punic Wars 

• 250 BC all of Italy south of River Po was in Roman hand
• Rival State Carthage 
• Colony similar to Rome
• 246 and 146 BC The Punic Wars- land and sea 
• Forced Carthage out of Sicily 
• Second Punic War in 202 BC Carthage lost
• Rome third war in 146 BC 
• 202 BC Rome had control of the whole Mediterranean

Conquering the Empire

• Proconsuls (governors) ruled lands 
• After 27 BC provinces shared benefits of Rome Order
• Local rulers became Client Kings 
• Tied by alliance and support 
• expansion 
• British Isles 
• Hellenistic Kingdoms were loosing their grip 
• 200 BC ambassadors from Greek city states came to Rome for aid 
• Romans sent an army 
• Conflicts with Hellenistic Kingdoms 
• Ruled all of Eastern Mediterranean 
• 
  

4/10/13

Today in class Mr Schick did a Rome rap. It was really funny. Everyone was video tapping it with their phones.His daughter came with him to do it. He put the lyrics up on his blog and said if we remember it we would do good on the tests because its pretty much all the material that will be on the Rome test.

City-State and Empire: The Roman Republic

Italy and its Peoples 

• resources similar to Greece or Palestine 
• supported larger population
• Latin people settled near Tiber River 
• Latins, Etruscans, & Greeks 
• Latins first learned the alphabet and got knowledge from Greek city states 
• 750 BC joined a single city state, Rome 
• Etruscan non Indo-European immigrants- 9th century BC 
• 7th century conquered Latium 
• For a period Etruscan kings ruled Rome themselves 

The Roman Republic: The Senate and the People

• The Senate- council of elders king was advised by
• Patricians- men with fathers
• 500 BC Rome over through  Etruscan rulers
• "Peoples business"- government 
• Mixture of Democracy and Oligarchy
• Plebeians- common people 
• Consuls appointed senators
• Dictator 
• 450 BC laws were written down 
• Tribunes- own magistrates 
• 250 BC distinction between the groups  didn't matter in political 
• Rested in hands of the Senate 
• Clients- less wealthy citizens 
• Patron- protected and paid for the clients 
• 500 BC Last king of Rome Tarquin 
• Senate 300 people 
• Consuls - 2 guys who had more power than the 300 
• 1 year can run in 10 more years
• The 12 tables - set of laws written down posted publicly 
• Veto Laws 

Republican Values

• Still depended on Gods and Goddesses 
• Pontiffs- groups of priests headed by the supreme pontiff 
• Men had to fight in wars 
• Clans and families held together by a father
• Paterfamilias had ultimate power
• Married women had the title of Patron 

4/8/13

King Phillip 2

• Born at pelia of Macedon
• youngest son of King Amyntas 2
• held hostage @ Thesbe- learned military skills & deplomatic info
• King of Macedon 359 BC- 336 BC
• assinated @ a wedding

Olympias

• originally a princess
• arranged marriage with King Phillip 2
• gave birth to Alexander
• divorced Phillip
• ordered Eurydice to kill Phillip 3 (king Phillip 2 son) to ensure Alexander got the throne
• claimed Zeus was Alexander's father

Alexander's Birth

• born in Pella region of Macedonia on September 20, 350 BC
• didn't see his father much as a child because King Phillip was with the military and affairs
• resented his father bc he was gone so much
• Olympia was a powerful role model

Bucephalus

• 344 BC- dealer from Tessalia offered a large, black horse to King Phillip
• Horse seemed unable to be tamed- King Phillip didn't want it
• Alexander wanted the horse and tried to tame it- he realised the horse was afraid of its shadow and tamed it
• King Phillip said about his ability "O my son, look thee out a kingdom equal and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee"

Education

• tutored by Leonidas- taught Math, Horsemanship, & Archery
• Alex was a rebellious student with relentless attention
• tutored by Lysimachus- used role play to teach
• 343 BC- tutored by Aristotle @ Temple of the Nymphs at Meiza (13 years old)- taught Philosophy, Drama, Science, Poetry, and Politics
• education ended at Meiza in 340 BC

Phillip's Assination

• Oct 336 BC in Aegea
• killed by his body guard- Pausanias of Oretis
• Reason unknown- possibilities include: Persians payed him off or Pausanias had relations with him then Phillip cheated on Pausania
• Alex had Pausania's body crucified

Family Relationship

• tension
• Alexander's step mom (Cleopatra)'s uncle told Alex he wasn't worthy of the throne

Alexander takes Power

• people doubted him because he was young
• people who doubted him were killed

Military Career 

• fought vs Persians bc he thought they might have been involved in his father's assassination
• 334 BC: fought NW Asia Minor (Battle of the Granicus River)
• 334 BC- siege of Halicarnassus 
• conquered Egypt @ Gaza
• Egyptains called Alexander a Pharaoh

Invasion of Egypt

• 327 BC- Punjab
• Indians fought with elephants
• Bucephalus died- named a city after him
• won & captured Porus

Revolt of Alex's Army

• revolted bc India had elephants & soldiers wanted to see their family
• Alex allowed them to return
• took Hydaspes & Indus river's home- fought Malion on their way 
• many died on the journey home bc of the Gerdosian desert

Death

• June 10/11 323 BC- 32 years old @ palace of Nebuchadnezzar 2 in Babylon
• reasons a mystery, possibilities: poison (by Aristotle or his son, Iollas), malaria, alcohol poisoning  
• people refused to believe he died

His Power/Rule

• empire was the largest of its time
• remained under Macondian rule for 200-300 years after Alex's death
• Alex encouraged people (Macedonian men) to marry Persian woman to maintain peace 
• tried to combine Greek and Persian cultures- hellenistic era 
• the passing of the ring symbolized the passing of power

3/20/13

Today in class we got put with a partner for a 50 point project on Alexander the great. My partner is Drew. Our topics we have to do on Alexander are treatment of his foes, Hellenistic era, and succession. So far I've worked on the succession part and after he died there were a lot of different rules and they all were in war and the division affected Macedonia. After 40 years of war Macedonia collapsed.

3/19/13

Today we looked at our test scores on power school and I did good it brought my grade up. Then we started a new chapter which is called Greater Greece Hellenistic Era. The page we read talks about how the city states ruled under stronger neighboring rules.We discussed life before the Pelopponesian War and life after. Before they were a democracy and were peaceful then during the war the plague came and killed most of the population.We talked about Alexandria the Great and how he was about 20 when he started ruling and he died at age 32.

3/18/13

Hellenistic- leading international culture but, way of life was influenced by the peoples they rules
Period of Greek history between the period of the death of the Macedonian king and Alexander the Great

The Athenians lost the Peloponnesian War because Sparta dropped out of fighting but, the Athenians still had an alliance of city states. The Athenians made were making the city states send money. The city states went to the Spartans and they decided to take up for their allies. The Spartans went to war with Athens. The Athenians were defeated and they gave up all outlying possessions. They became forced allies of Sparta. But, the Spartans lost a lot of men and resources and could not stop the Athenians to regain their independence. The city states returned to how the struggle of how they originally were. Thebes tried to replace Sparta and Athens as dominant city-state. 

In 359 BC Macedonia was now under the rule of King Philip II. He was determined to gain control of the city-states. He wanted to get them to start a united force against the Persians. Athens formed an alliance with Thebes to try to stop him. The Macedonians won. He let the Greek city-states to govern their own as long as they remained loyal allies. 

Study Guide

3/13/13

We are still watching the movie we've been watching on the Greeks. Today we still saw about Socrates. His trial took place in the Agora with about 500 people there. He made a speech which he could of apologized for everything and he probably wouldn't of been guilty but, that's not what he did. So, he was guilty and sentenced to death. He would be put to death by drinking hemlock. We talked about the famous painting called the "Trial of Socrates" for most of the class. It showed him as less and ugly and really strong and everyone else in the room was breaking down because of Socrates about to be put to death.The reason they showed him so strong was because he was the only one out of the people in the room he was keeping and calm. Oh and then we had a debate about same sex marriage most of us said we didn't mind about what other people did but Drew was against the idea of same sex marriage.

3/12/13

Today we continued to watch the boring movie on the Greeks. The video talked about Socrates and how the Athenians went to war with an island off of Sicily and after that everyone was angry and they went after Socrates. Socrates was arrested for corrupting the minds of the youth and undermining religion. Also the Athenian generals after the Spartans won were put to death by drinking hemlock. Before all this happen things were changing and people started to use science and were using logic instead of relying on the gods. When the Spartans and Athens went to war a third of Athens were killed by the Plague. Pericles died from this disease in 429 BC.

3/11/13

Today we finished to watch the video. We saw the entertainment theatres the greeks used and how they put on bizarre plays. One was about a king who married his own mother and when he found out it was his mom he married he gauged his eyes out. These plays were called tragedies. A Hubris is a greek term describing people in power who think they can get away with anything.

3/8/13

Today most people weren't in class because they were on the field trip. We continued to watch the video and what i wrote down in my notes were in 483 BC Athens discovered large amounts of silver and Themistocles wanted to use this to build ships. In 486 BC King Darius died and his son Zurkzees wanted to try to invade Athens again. The Athenians wanted to fight in the sea and not on land. Greeks destroyed Persian fleet. Persians lost 200 ships. Then there was the Delian league and this was an alliance of Greek states. The Greeks were becoming an empire. They ostracized Themistocles and he died in exile in Persia. New leader was Periclese.

3/5/13

         Today in class we finished watching the video on Greece. In 490 BC the Persians were going to invade Athens and try to take over. King Darius was the powerful king of Persian. Because of this Athens sent Phedipadees to run to Sparta and ask for help. He ran 140 miles in 2 days. When he got there Sparta denied his asking of help. The Greeks won against the Persians even though the Persians were much larger and professionally trained. Themistocles was one of the history's greatest leaders. We left off with the video talking about ships the Greeks built.

2/26/13

     Today in class we had to fill out a study guide for chapter 4 while Tona did her test. It was Greece and the gods and goddesses and important dates. I didnt get to finish it but, I got most done. We get to finish it tomorrow in class. Mr. Schick said we worked today and were productive so we dont have to finish it for homework.

2/25/13

       Today in class Mr. Schick wasn't there. We had a substitute. We took a test but we got to use our book. Last night I went and highlighted important things so, it made it a little easier. I had trouble with some of the short answers but, other than that I think I did well. And the essay was pretty easy.

2/15/13

Today in class we got our tests back from last week. I didn't do to good. We went over it but, that was all we did today because classes are shortened. And he gave us our homework assignment for over the weekend and that is to do LO3 in our powerpoint.

2/13/13

           Today in class Mr. Schick was not there. So we had a substitute and we just worked on our powerpoint but, we started LO2. My slide was on the dark ages and that was pretty much a time when civilizations died out but, the Greeks managed not to.

2/11/13

      Today in class we started a new chapter about the Greeks. For about the first 20 minutes of class we talked about the stonehedge. I think its a really interesting topic. No one knows for sure how anyone could of built it and theres even people who think aliens could have because it would have been impossible for humans to back then. We talked about Barbarians and Barbarians are like people not belonging to a certain civilization. Then we talked about how the warriors were burried with a ritual of all their belongings being burried with them. We talked some about Geography of Greece and the Aegaen Sea and Ionian Sea. Aegaen on the east and Ionian on the west.

Greece

                The next thing we will be learning in Western Civ is Greece. The Greeks were one of the very first barbarian people. Barbarian means they had a distinctive way of life. In about 2000 B.C. the Greeks began to migrate into Europe's southeastern region. Because of this migrations the Greeks began to adapt to the more advanced ways of living. Around 800 B.C. the classical Greek civilization emerged. With this came new ideas, art forms, and types of government. The Greek City States were the first to practice citizen participation in the government. The City States helped them trade, become inovaters in warfare, developed methods of fighting by land, and they preserved their independence from the kings of Persia. With the Greeks came Independence and wealth. By 3500 B.C. there were people who organized enough construct ceremonial monuments consisting of circles and rows of huge boulders called megalithic structures. Most of these are still around today. They began to speak languages of Indo- European origin that were ancestors of Greeks and Latins. Throughout Europe they're were Warriors. When a leading warrior died his horses and chariot, swords, and daggers, would all go into the grave with him. Next to the warrior would be his wife. With her jewelry and fine textiles. Europeans lived in villages. Groups of villages or farmstead were called tribes.The tribes were held together  by common interests, traditions, and ties of kinship. Tribes formed alliances under warrior kings. The people who spoke Indo- European languages were skilled in farming, metalworking, trade, and warfare. Over a period of three thousand years the European Barbarian people came into contact with civilization. The contacts were sometimes warlike and sometimes peaceful. They were sometimes the conquers and sometimes the victims.The Greeks are called "Western" because they were the first to emerge in Europe.

2/8/13

       Today in class we had our first test this semester. We got to use our blog so that was good. I think i did okay. The multiple choice were easy. The essay I chose about the Nial was pretty easy also.

My Pyramid

2/6/13

               Today was the first day of the week for me because I wasnt in class yesterday because I went to the Raven's parade. Today Mr. Schick told us we have a test on Friday. We took some more notes today on Daily Life and talking about the different positions and jobs people had. Like the scribes were people who wrote everything down and the artisans sculpted things. Then we talked about gods and godesses a little and just how they're are about 2000 of them. We watched a really interesting video on mummifying. It looks like a really long process. They put the body in salt for 40 days first then they wrap the bodies. Since i wasnt here yesteday i have to do some build a pyramid thing tonight.

1/30/13

          Today Mr. Schick told us the averages between the 3 sections on our quizes and our was the lowest it was a 58. So, that wasnt too good. Then we took notes about Egypt. We took notes on geography and how they depended on the nile river for pretty much everything they did. It was the same thing i read yesteday in the text book. And about how it floods in july every year. Then we talked a little about pyramids and the great sphinx of giza and how it took 23 years to build.

1/29/13

     Today Mr. Schick wasn't in class today so we had a substitute. We had a reading assignment in our text book which was pages 20-29.  It was about Egypt. We had to take notes on the reading and some things I had written down was that Egypt was once split into two. There was upper egypt and lower egypt. The two lands came together eventually into one but the balance of the lands were ruined because of  weakling pharaohs, boy- pharaohs, and succession. Egypt was a wealthy civilization. Soon they became ruled pharoahs. They believed pharoahs were god and man. Height of the pharoahs power was reached in 2700 BC.

1/22/12

         Today in class we got assigned seats but my seat is pretty good. We went over our assignment over the weekend and people gave their opinions on that. Then Mr.Schick put up a powerpoint to start off. We had to copy down the notes in our notebook. Then we watched a video and John Green was in it hes also an author and one of my favorite authors so that was interesting. 200000 years ago humans arrived in Africa and 14000 years ago was the first worldwide human race. The Neolithic Revolution is when people stopped hunting and gathering and began to settle down and populations grew. 

Was Jared Diamond on track with his theory of "geographic luck"?

               Jared Diamond was on track with his theory of geographic luck. All of the first civilizations were hunters and gatherers. Geographic luck occurred in some places more than it occurred in others. The first agricultural civilization began in the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is between Southwestern Asia and Northeast Africa. The farmers in the Fertile Crescent could depend on rainfall there. On the other side of the crescent where they’re much rainfall the farmers learned how to use the rivers for irrigation. Them being able to grow crops was the reason of the wealth for the world’s first civilization. In Papua New Guinea they didn’t have the good fertilization for growing crops like the Fertile Crescent. They’re lands weren’t as smooth so it was harder to grow things. Like Jared Diamond says it depends on where the civilization is located. If it’s a good location the civilization will grow but, if bad then they will not develop as well as the other civilization. 

1/18/13

Today was our first Western Civ class of the semester. I already had Mr. Schick last semester so I knew about eveyrything he was telling us about. He has a new blog for this class and so do we. And we got books for the class its a pretty big book. He gave us a homework assignment for the weekend and we have to read from our book and then write an essay on it from the question.